THE NEUROLOGY

How many spinal arteries supply the human spinal cord? Three Arteries Four Arteries Five Arteries Two Arteries Blood Supply of Spinal Cord Arterial Supply The spinal cord is supplied by Three Longitudinal Arteries : One Anterior Spinal Artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord. Two Posterior Spinal Arteries supply the posterior one-third of the spinal cord. [Mnemonics: Posterior is Paired, Posterior = Paired] Venous Drainage There is a complex network of intrinsic, extrinsic, and extradural systems. The anterior and posterior spinal veins and anterior and posterior radicular veins are freely communicate with the internal vertebral plexus in the epidural space. This drains into the cerebral dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins as well as the external vertebral plexus. The veins of the spinal cord and vertebral column are valveless. Reference: Bosmia AN, Hogan E, Loukas M, Tubbs RS, Cohen‐Gadol AA. Blood supply to the human spinal cord: part ...

Question: Which of the following is a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor? Phenytoin Sodium Valproate Carbamazepine Levetiracetam  Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Histone deacetylase-9 (HDAC9) gene is associated with pathogenesis of large artery ischemic stroke. HDAC9 inhibitor may prevent ischemic stroke. Sodium Valproate is a nonspecific Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Sodium Valproate therapy given after ischemic stroke may be associated with reduced recurrent stroke rate. Reference: Brookes RL, Crichton S, Wolfe CD, Yi Q, Li L, Hankey GJ, Rothwell PM, Markus HS. Sodium Valproate, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Is Associated With Reduced Stroke Risk After Previous Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke. 2018 Jan;49(1):54-61. [Answer is 2. Sodium Valproate]

#The Neurology Question: True & False: Restless Legs Syndrome Symptoms start with sleep Dystonia and myoclonus Symptoms aggravate with dopaminergic agonist Normal Brain MRI Sensory symptoms on awakening (Source: The Neurology: Self-Assessment & Review By Dr. Sunil Kumar , www.theneurology.org ) Reference: Picchietti DL, Stevens HE. Early manifestations of restless legs syndrome in childhood and adolescence. Sleep Med. 2008;9(7):770-781. Restless legs syndrome affects approximately 10% of the adult population. Clinical Features The four core symptoms required for diagnosis are as follows: An urge to move the legs: usually caused or accompanied by an unpleasant sensation in the legs Symptoms begin or worsen with rest Partial or complete relief by movement Worsening during the evening or night Symptoms most commonly begin in the legs, but can spread to or even begin in the upper limbs. The unpleasant sensation is often...

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Introduction: Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness. It recovers rapidly without any neurological sequel. It is because of transient hypo-perfusion of the brain. It should be differentiated from convulsive seizure. Differentiating Features Between Syncope & Convulsive Seizure Syncope Precipitating Factors Prolonged standing Voiding of urine Prolonged coughing Prolonged fasting Alcohol intoxication Strong emotional reaction Premonitory Symptoms Dizziness Lightheadedness Excessive perspiration Epigastric discomfort Blurring of vision or blackout Facial pallor Paresthesia Others Posture of the patient: Mostly occur in standing posture Progression of unconsciousness: Mostly immediate Duration of episode: Loss of consciousness occur for few seconds Tongue bite: Rarely Involuntary jerking movements of limbs: Rarely Ictal urinary incontinence: Rarely Post-ictal headache: Rarely Convulsive Seizure Precipitating factors: Usually none Premonitory Symptoms: Aura or Déjà vu Po...

The Neurology: An Objective Based Learning! Welcome to The Neurology! Dr. Sunil Kumar founded " The Neurology " in April 2011. The Neurology website is an educational objective based learning portal for neurology aspirants. It provides comprehensive, up-to-date, objective based frequently asked multiple choice questions in the neurology entrance examination paper. The Neurology: Self-Assessment And Review provides a complete neurology question bank. Use of this website implies acceptance of our terms and conditions. This website is predominantly focused to provide study material for neurology aspirants. The purpose of this website is to share the knowledge and boost the academic interest among neurology aspirants. Interested neurology aspirants are invited to contribute their content to the “The Neurology” site. Participate ⁂ Discuss ⁂ Share  Best Wishes The Neurology Team

The Neurology: Self-Assessment & Review